The Foreign Exchange (Forex) Market and the Two Main Purposes of Trade
Thursday, May 6th, 2010
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The Foreign Exchange market is the largest financial market in the world and spans the globe. Known also as the forex market or FX market, the market is in 24 hour operation and is not limited to single exchange locations within countries but is conducted wherever one currency is exchanged for another in the process of doing business.
Traditionally, the trade was primarily conducted at banks and special exchange bureaus, but today it can be literally anywhere via ATMs, hotel and from your own PC or laptop. Traders can be huge multi-national corporations, small exporters, banks, governments etc, or you. When you buy an item over the internet in another currency using your credit card or if you are on holidays and want some quick local currency cash from an ATM, you are setting up and will engage in a forex deal. You will sell/buy, a currency at a rate set by the banking institutions involved and as determined by the market.
Most small and intermediate deals are done directly using a retail bank. When you take your cash, your bank calculates an exchange rate value in your home currency for the amount you have withdrawn and deducts that from your account. Your bank will probably charge you a currency conversion transaction fee and the exchange rate that it sets that day for the currency you want. The bank sets a buy rate and a sell rate, two prices which are slightly different and which enable the bank to profit from your small deal by selling you the currency you want at a slightly higher rate of exchange compared with the better rate they will receive when they offset your deal via bulk trades in the market that their dealing room will do. So they make a profit on this price difference between buy and sell price they set for the retail customer versus the better buy and sell price they can get as a heavy weight in the market.
The difference between the buy price and the sell price between a currency pair is called ‘the spread’. When people shop for rates they are looking for a smaller, tighter spread difference which means a better rate of exchange and if you shop around you will find quite a bit of small variation in the spread, sometimes between retail banks. Third party exchange bureaus and hotels have to offset your trade with a bank and the bank does so in turn using the larger bulk market, so the non-bank bureau’s spread has to be greater. For example, this gives them the chance to off-load the physical currency you have sold them in exchange for the local, at a small profit to a banking institution. Forex exchange booths at airports usually have the larger spreads in the retail market which means a poorer exchange deal for you, less dollars in the currency you are exchanging for, and so the high cost of an on the spot last minute convenience situation.
Huge amounts of trade from so many sources and countries makes for a volatile and active market that is good for the speculator and should, as a measure reflect the changing economic performance of one country’s economy in relation to another country’s economy. The business person or consumer who is just looking for the best rate and most secure way to pay in a currency exchange situation can make use of certain tools available to select a rate in the market that they feel serves them best and then to lock secure that rate with time to execute the transaction without finding that they have been adversely affected by a value change before the transaction has been finalized. So we can see that both types of trade use the market to their advantage in different ways for different purposes.
Speculation traders seek to make profit yielding trades in the market from speculation on value change. They can do this using a broker, self operated manual or semi automated forex trading, or a full easy forex robot trading system. Businesses and corporations engaging in inter-country business seek to secure a locked in and stable rate to preserve profit margins and budget forecasts. An example would be a small business looking for a stable, set forward, exchange value when ordering a machine that will be delivered in six months time.
In part 2 we will continue to look with more detail at the two primary but different reasons for trading forex.
Duration : 0:5:49
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